#Constitutional equality pro#

#Constitutional equality pro#

Equality Now, in conjunction with its global partners and with pro bono support from Davis Polk & Wardwell, have submitted an amicus brief in support of the AGs’ case. However, the Trump administration has thus far refused to accept the ratification as legitimate, prompting the attorneys general of Virginia, Illinois and Nevada to file a lawsuit against the archivist of the United States for his failure to add the amendment to the Constitution. And in 2019, the movement scored a historic victory when Virginia became the 38th and final state required to ratify the amendment. Constitution.įor nearly a century, women have been fighting for the passage of the ERA. The text of the amendment is simple, elegant and difficult to disagree with. The Congress shall have the power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.” “Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex. In 1923, suffragist Alice Paul drafted the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). This, however, is not for lack of trying. While women’s suffrage is constitutionally protected, no where does the Constitution prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex. Constitution does not in fact guarantee equality of the sexes.

However, “Women’s Equality Day” is a bit of a misnomer because the U.S. In the United States, August 26 is celebrated as “Women’s Equality Day”-in honor of the adoption of the 19th Amendment, declaring the right to vote could not be denied based solely on one’s sex. is a global outlier when it comes to guaranteeing constitutional equality of the sexes. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.While women’s suffrage is constitutionally protected, no where does the Constitution prohibit discrimination on the basis of sex. But neither the United States nor any state shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any state, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the executive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.